Utility of the eluent temperature and flow rate for improved response homogeneity of corona-charged aerosol detector — ASN Events

Utility of the eluent temperature and flow rate for improved response homogeneity of corona-charged aerosol detector (#256)

Manish M Khandagale 1 , Emily F Hilder 2 , Robert A Shellie 2 , Paul R Haddad 1
  1. Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), Pfizer Analytical Research Centre (PARC), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
  2. School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

The solvent dependency of the detection response is one of the major limitations of corona-charged aerosol detector (C-CAD). The present study provides an empirical investigation of the utility of temperature and flow rate gradient to overcome the solvent gradient limitation of C-CAD. By means of a flow injection study we have demonstrated that the response of C-CAD remains relatively unaltered with flow rate variation, when used with water-rich eluents. Based on these findings two separation approaches were developed and their utility for C-CAD response normalisation demonstrated using a mixture of 8 analytes. In the first approach a solvent gradient is avoided by performing the separation using a temperature gradient under isocratic conditions. A second approach uses flow rate programming to improve the speed of isocratic temperature gradient separations. To counteract the reduction in detection response resulting from the water-rich eluent, a secondary stream of pure acetonitrile was mixed with the column effluent, which yielded 3-fold increase in detection response. The latter approach involved simultaneous variation in the flow rate and column temperature and reduced the separation time by 30%, with the response homogeneity comparable to that of the former approach. Lastly, an inverse-gradient solvent compensation approach was used to evaluate the response homogeneity and the applicability of the above approaches for quantitative analysis. Both the approaches produced good peak area reproducibility (RSD% < 15%) and linearity (R2 >0.994, on log-scale) over the sample mass range of 0.1-10µg. The response deviation across the mixture of 8 compounds at 7 concentration levels was 6-13% compared to 21-39% in solvent gradient and was comparable to the inverse gradient solvent compensation approach. Finally, the applicability of these approaches for typical impurity profiling was demonstrated at a concentration of 5µg/mL (0.1% of the principal compound).